Polot (Polota): Traditional Underground Granaries of Dirashe
The information provided regarding “Polot” in the Dirashe district is a fascinating example of indigenous knowledge and traditional engineering.
Overview
The four ethnic groups in the Dirashe district utilize an ancient and remarkable indigenous technology called Polot (Polota) to preserve grain underground for extended periods.
Construction and Engineering
Polot sites are carefully selected in porous or rocky areas where groundwater does not seep through during the rainy season. The construction involves a two-stage excavation process:
- The Upper Tier (Entrance): This section measures 2 to 3 meters in circumference with a depth of 70 cm to 1 meter. The soil here is kept relatively soft, and this level serves as a platform for standing while loading or unloading the grain.
- The Inner Storage Chamber: Starting with a narrow circular neck, the chamber widens as it goes deeper (resembling a bottle or flask shape). It typically spans 2 to 3 meters in width and reaches a depth of 3 to 4 meters.
- The Seal (Palet): To prevent soil and moisture from entering the storage, a perfectly carved circular stone—known as a Palet—is custom-fitted to the opening.
Capacity and Usage
- Storage Capacity: On average, a single Polot can hold between 40 to 60 quintals of grain.
- Crop Types: It is primarily preferred for storing maize (corn) and various species of sorghum.
Historical Context and Significance
While Polot was in use long before the Italian invasion, it became even more vital afterward. Communities that utilized these underground granaries were able to protect their food supplies from invaders and external threats. Its primary advantages include:
- Concealment: Hiding harvests from enemies or looters.
- Longevity: Preserving grain for many years through traditional conservation.
- Protection: Effectively preventing damage from pests like weevils.
Unique Feature
What makes this traditional granary unique is the blend of technology and indigenous wisdom—a system created by the community over centuries to harmonize with their environment.
Tips for Visitors and Cultural Etiquette
- Travel Tip: It is highly recommended to travel with a local guide who is deeply familiar with the area.
- Cultural Respect: Visitors must respect the etiquette of the farmlands. It is best to visit these sites accompanied by local elders to gain a deeper, more authentic experience.
3-Day Itinerary (Starting from Arba Minch)
This plan combines the study of Polot technology with other magnificent attractions in the Gardula Zone.
Day 1: Journey to Gidole (Capital of Gardula Zone)
- Morning: Depart from Arba Minch for Gidole. The route offers stunning mountainous landscapes and panoramic views of Lakes Abaya and Chamo.
- Afternoon: Arrive in Gidole and check into your accommodation. If time permits, visit the Gardula Man-made Forest near the town.
- Evening: Experience local culture by sampling Cheka (a traditional beverage/food) and socializing with the residents.
Day 2: Polot Wisdom and Tarka-Potaya Farmlands
- Morning: Travel to rural Dirashe villages. Observe the Polot granaries located near homesteads and learn how farmers manage long-term storage.
- Afternoon: Explore the famous Tarka and Potaya (Stone Terracing and Water Retention) agricultural systems.
- Special Highlight: If the timing is right, enjoy a live performance of “Filla” (the scientific 12-tone flute music) played by youth during communal farm work.
Day 3: Historical Caves, Karmo, and Return
- Morning: Visit the Gardula Caves, which served as strategic fortresses and hiding spots for Ethiopian resistance fighters (Arbenyoch) during the Italian occupation.
- Afternoon: Head to the Karmo viewpoint for a breathtaking panoramic view of Lakes Chamo and Abaya, as well as the famous “God’s Bridge.”
- Evening: Return to Arba Minch to conclude the trip.